The following was written by Jill's brother, Phil, about a recent trip to Ethiopia:
As many of you know I was recently blessed with the opportunity to go to Ethiopia and see the country with my sister and Peace Corps Volunteer Jill, who has been living there for the past year and a half. I claim absolutely no expertise on Ethiopia beyond having thumbed through a few travel books and being guided for a few weeks by my sister, so I genuinely hope I haven’t misrepresented anything in an offensive way. But because this was an experience not many people are afforded I’m glad to share my impressions with anyone interested in reading.
PCVs
First of all, a shout out is in order. I had the privilege of spending time with maybe 10-15 Peace Corps Volunteers, aside from my sister. Every one of them is a hardy soul. Life in a developing country is very difficult for those who are from there. It is even more difficult for someone born in the first world to give up the amenities they’ve been accustomed to and live in a developing country, always being a foreigner, learning the language and the culture, and then doing humanitarian work on top of all that. I found each one of them to be an intelligent and interesting person that I genuinely hope to meet again. With all the ambivalence regarding the US internationally, these are exactly the sort of people I want representing my country. They deserve every handwritten letter and block of cheese you could possibly send them. (BTW cheese does, in fact, survive without refrigeration for quite a long time. With no additional immunities to such things, I ate cheddar that hadn’t been cold for two weeks and had been opened 4 days prior. Cheese
will make it through the mail. Hint hint.)
The coffee ceremony
Being a life-long religious coffee drinker, I considered this trip to Ethiopia true a pilgrimage. My once-in-a-lifetime trip to the black-bean Mecca. Even with all the anticipation, there was no letdown; the coffee was every bit as good as I had hoped. In a restaurant, coffee is generally served in tiny tea cups about the size of an

espresso mug. The stuff is very strong and dark by American standards, but without the bitterness of an espresso. The Ethiopian custom is to fill the bottom third of the cup with sugar. I quickly learned one of the most important phrases in Amharic, “suquar yellum” or “without sugar”. The phrase sometimes elicited facial expressions from waiters that might have said “why don’t you just order a glass of bile?”, but usually I was able to get my coffee in the pure form I prefer.
Now any religious center of the world must have its own rituals surrounding an important rite and Ethiopia is no different. The rules of the coffee ceremony are strict and unchanging across the region. The ceremony is always communal and involves a lot of sitting around waiting for the multiple rounds of coffee to be made. There is always a little food provided, often popcorn, incense is lit, and there must be a grass rug on the floor; sort of the Ethiopian equivalent of turning on the lava-light and putting on
Dark Side of the Moon. The coffee beans are green at the beginning of the ceremony, and are roasted and ground by hand as part of the ritual. After much conversation and inevitably looking through someone’s family photos, the first cup of coffee is served. Again, I ask for no sugar, and although to them this is like putting ketchup on filet mignon, I think it’s accepted because I’m a faranji (foreigner). No one can dream of leaving the ceremony until at least three rounds of coffee are served. So more conversation in anticipation of the next round is needed. The Almighty could be beckoning you by name, but if you haven’t had your third cup, he’ll just have to wait. Finally after the third cup and an exhausted list of things to talk about, the ceremony is over and you leave with the sun going down and your belly politely asking to be fed.
Bus rides
The most common way to move about the country is by bus. The experience inevitably begins before the light of day. We head to the bus station with groggy heads, where there always seems to be loads of people milling about, and we’re directed towards a particular bus that is going to our destination. The buses don’t leave until they’re full, so we wait. After maybe 40 minutes of nodding off, every seat has been filled and we’re now leaving the bus station as the first rays of sunshine poke over the horizon.
Many of the roads through the country are very curvy, and it’s not a rare occurrence for a passenger to open a window and toss their cookies onto the side of the bus. So, as someone prone to motion sickness I skip breakfast and pop a Dramamine. Now, there’s an unwritten law that all windows are to remain closed, despite the sweltering heat inside. Try to crack the window next to you, and a disgruntled Ethiopian will reach in front of you and shut it as if their valuable hot air is leaking out and can’t be replaced. The attempt to open a window can be repeated as many times as one likes, always with the same outcome. Sensing the illogic of the answer, I never bothered asking the question “why do you want the window closed?” So after only a few hours of sleep the night before, a motion sickness drug that makes one sleep

y, and a warm bus, it sounds like a great time for a nap, right? Nope! It’s time for Ethiopian pop music.
Remember that AM radio with one speaker your grandpa used to listen to talk-radio on? It sounded bad at low volumes, but when you turned it up it sounded like a banshee screaming through a tube. The Ethiopians love that sound, and it’s only possible to get that unique banshee-like tone with the volume knob as high as it goes. Now, imagine polka played entirely on a Casio keyboard, but somebody lopped a few beats so you can’t tap your foot to it (for the musicians - 5/8 time with uneven eighth notes). Then over the top of the lopsided Casio groove, alternate a very nasal vocalizing with synthesized saxophones. Then keep this going without any change for no less than 10 minutes and – voila! Authentic Ethiopian entertainment. Once the song finally stops, I breathe a sigh of relief. But then the next one starts, and it’s in the same key and has the same tempo as the last one, in short – it’s the same song with a new track number. After about eight of these go by, there always seems to be one song that sounds different. Maybe it has something like an American R&B groove to it. These tracks are always met with a prompt finger on the ‘skip ahead’ button, and then we’re back to 5/8 Casio polka.
If I was a darker soul, I might pitch this whole bus riding/sleep deprivation thing to the folks running Guantanamo Bay as an alternative to waterboarding.
The hours roll by, the sun gets hotter, and finally the bus stops in a little town for a bathroom and food break. Jill and I scramble through the ocean of children selling gum and wanting handshakes from the farangis to the nearest restaurant. We sit down and request a menu and the waiter promptly brings a menu in both English and Amharic. The English side of the menu offers things like ‘scrambled haggs’ and ‘meet sandwich’. My English spelling is only marginally better, so I’m generally impressed by all this. Besides, I really could go for some cold ‘mango jews’. After perusing for a minute we make a choice and the waiter responds “we don’t have that”. We peruse a little more and make a second choice – “we don’t have that”. After a third choice brings the same response we’re forced to ask “what do you have?” “Only tibs” our waiter replies. Maybe he just wanted to show off his menu.
After our tibs and a visit to the shint bet (literally, pee house) we’re back on the bus listening to the same CD for the fifth time. Only four more hours to our destination….
Kids, guides and donkeys
As a white person, it’s impossible to stand out any more. A circus caravan could come through town pulled by flying elephants, and I think it would command less attention than two white people. As we would walk down a street, small children would literally chase us down to shake our hands and say “hello”. The slightly older children prefer to stay where they are, but yell “you!” at regular intervals until one of us turns and acknowledges them. The really advanced people on the street bombard us with the phrase “Where are you go!” This is, in fact, a question despite the attacking tone. And although the people that ask this aren’t generally able to understand the answer, they ask it just the same. So I reply with the equally useless “We’re off to see the wizard.” Any answer seems to elicit the same blank stare. If Jill wanted to really throw them for a loop she’d reply in Tigrigna. One guy actually passed out in sheer amazement at seeing a white person speak his language.
In the cities that bring in tourism, we couldn’t walk for more than two minutes without at least one local insisting on being our guide. Occasionally it was welcome and helpful, more often it was annoying, but in the end it was totally unavoidable. As soon as you convinced one guide you didn’t want his services, two others would appear with the phrase “Where are you go!” On one afternoon promenade with no other ambitions than to poke around town, Jill and I acquired a band of no less than eight school-aged guides, accompanying us in any direction we decided to walk. It was explained to each of them in two languages that we didn’t need their services, and that we really would prefer to be left alone. The children didn’t accept this, and all we could do was continue our walk with a parade of children behind us.
On a different occasion we had been told of monastery a ways outside of town. There are no maps and the only ways to get there are to hire a very expensive taxi, or to rent donkeys. The better choice was obvious. I gleefully pictured us riding through sun scorched valleys with the soundtrack to
Aladdin magically underscoring our desolate trek. It never occurred to me that we hadn’t seen a single person riding a donkey anywhere in the country.
We get our donkeys in the middle of town, each of the two donkeys is guided by a human. It turns out, the way it works is the tourists get on the donkeys and the guides jog to keep up with the pace while making sure the animals go where they’re supposed to. Somehow not exactly as I had pictured. Imagine yourself as an Ethiopian child minding your own business. You can’t remember the last time you saw white people, nor anyone riding a donkey, but suddenly you see two white people trotting down the street o

n donkeys, trailed by donkey owners running to keep up. Again, flying elephants would cause less commotion. It’s too late for us to change our minds about this now: for the next hour we have no choice but to be the strangest thing anyone has ever seen in this town. The children are literally tripping over each other to run to the edge of the street and wave and say “hello”. The “you’s” are being fired from every direction. We saw a man on top of a hill maybe two miles away cup his hands to his mouth and belt “WHERE...ARE…YOU…GO!!!”. I felt that for all this attention I really ought to be putting on more of a show, like maybe getting off the donkey and doing a tap routine while singing Hello Dolly. But being that Jill had already made someone pass out with a few words of Tigrigna, I decided it best to resign myself to smiles and waves and accept my fortune of being a farangi on parade.
Traditional music
One evening after a few beers at a local squat, Jill and I were walking back towards our hotel, when we were allured by what sounded like live music. The whole trip I had been asking about live music, and we had found none. So on hearing this I insisted that we stand outside for just a few minutes. The music was not altogether removed from the music played on the bus, but without the hairpin turns, the heat and the smell of sweaty bodies, somehow it was more enticing. Better yet, they ditched the Casio keyboards in favor of real instruments.
After milling about outside for a minute, we went in and ordered a round of beers. We sat down and observed in the dim light a drummer in the corner accompanying a one-stringed, bowed instrument. Just as we realized we were the only customers in there, a women who previously sat in the corner leapt to her feet, realizing she had some farangis to entertain. Was she part of the band? Or just a local eager to show off her abilities? In any case she took it upon herself to entertain us very directly. She began singing and doing a dance I can only describe as a ‘boob-flap’. Suddenly we found ourselves a little less comfortable just as our beers arrived, and we were obligated to stay at least long enough to finish them. Jill told me that it was still early, and suggested that within an hour the place should be crowded. So we tried to enjoy our beers as the singer tried to get us to join in with her boob-flapping (‘but I have nothing with which to flap!’ I lamented to myself). Jill and I aggressively resisted the singer’s invitations to dance, as Jill explained to me how Amharic and Tigrian dancing is all in your shoulders. And I wondered if this was because there is no other way to get one’s boobs to flap than to move one’s shoulders. We finished our beers and had managed to avoid dancing, and figured our luck wouldn’t last another round, so we asked for the bill.
“Sixty birr!? How could 2 beers be sixty birr!?” This is only about $5, but we had been paying 5 birr down the street for the same beer. It was the principle. For sixty birr we may have been able to buy a pony, and ridden off into the night fulfilling our childhood dreams. Jill decides this is worth an argument in Amharic, for which I can lend no rhetoric, only dirty looks. We’re still the only customers in the place, and as if to highlight the disagreement, the music stops. Jill explains that she’s not a farangi, she’s a hobisha (Ethiopian) as is evident by her skills in two local languages plus an Ethiopian ID. Would they dare charge a hobisha such a price? After every point has been made, and I’ve cast all the dirty looks I’m able, the bartender sticks to his price of sixty birr. There’s nothing left to do but pay the bill and leave.
As we leave the now empty and silent bar, I turn around and notice a sign we had missed on the way in advertising “traditional music”. A well traveled chimp would have known better. Nobody describes anything as ‘traditional’ unless they’re trying to sell it to tourists.
Gorsha
Verb:
to gorsha. One can gorsha or be gorshaed. Listen to the word…
gorsha. Does it sound pleasant? I think not. To gorsha, one takes a handful of injera (bread) and wat (sauce) and proceeds to put it straight into the mouth of the vict…I mean, subject. This is considered a sign of being close friends. The larger the handful, the more strong the sign of friendship.

The first time I experienced this I was totally unprepared. Jill and I were invited to a friend’s house for an evening meal. We sat around enjoying a communal plate of injera and wat, pleasantly washing it back with St. George’s lager. We casually discussed culture in a midsized Ethiopian town, life in America, the varying qualities of the weather throughout the country, with the din of American hip-hop filtering through the room. About halfway through the large platter of food, our host picked up a healthy handful of food and moved it toward my sister’s face. I had seen this move before in elementary school, and it was usually a sign that the person was intending to squish their jelly sandwich against a schoolmates face. But much to my surprise, Jill willingly opened her mouth as the ball was placed inside. I was horrified, thinking ‘what is this man doing to my sister!?’ But the amazement was far from over, because immediately afterword my sister returned the action to our host, this time with an even bigger ball being stuffed into his slightly larger mouth. Of course I was thinking ‘Jill, what are you doing to that man!!??’ but I was really too stunned to speak, so I sat in silence hoping that an explanation would make itself apparent. With still no explanation, our host proceeded to scoop up the largest yet ball food and move it towards me. My heart was beating out of control, but somehow my fear of breaking social norms was greater than my fear of being affectionately fed by another man, and my mouth opened as wide as possible as the soggy injera was crammed in. I had a gag reflex as my eyes watered and I was sure I was on the verge of death. But with a mouth crammed full of food, I still managed a sheepish smile towards our host.
Jill, now sensing my extreme discomfort, decided not to come to my aid with an explanation, but instead picked up the camera and asked our host to perform this ritual on me again so that it could be documented. I was overjoyed. This time, the ball was about the size of a baby’s head, and had to hover right near my lips as Jill fiddled with the camera waiting to capture the moment. Finally the flash went off and the baby’s head was stuffed into my face, and I could see light at the end of the tunnel and heard St. Peter’s voice saying “it’s not your time yet…” After about 10 minutes of chewing I managed to swallow everything placed in my mouth, and the polite conversation returned on the subject of whether or not Obama is an honorary Ethiopian.
After the meal Jill and I returned to her complex. I found myself still shaking from the whole event, although that may have been the 3-cup-of-coffee-minimum that’s expected before leaving a guest’s house. In any case I managed to lie down. I don’t mean to imply a direct relationship between my double-gorsha and the following events, but the next morning I awoke to an intense pain in my stomach and an hourly ejection at both ends for the remainder of the day. Needless to say, the gorsha is my least favorite of all the Ethiopian traditions.
Poverty, tourism and you
I’ve mentioned very little about the dire poverty and genuine need of the people in this country. It’s ever-present and I don’t mean to underemphasize the issue by not discussing it. But I’m unable to make a cute story out of it because there’s nothing cute about it. I also have absolutely no expertise on the subject and really don’t want to do anyone a disservice by misrepresenting it.
I’ve also mentioned very little about the a

mazing attractions in Ethiopia I was able to experience such as the churches hewn from single pieces of bedrock at Lalibella, or the 100 foot tall obelisks at Axum. If you’re curious about these things, I suggest you go see them for yourself. Your dollars/euros/pounds go an awfully long way, and they’re so desperately needed. If you’re not lucky enough to be related to a Peace Corps Volunteer, the local guides will literally line up to help you.